基于DEA技术的污水处理定价模型

应用DEA方法评价污水处理厂相对效率，并将评价结果用于污水处理定价，得到了基于DEA方法的污水处理定价模型。该模型克服了现有定价模型的不足，体现了政府对污水处理厂生产效率的要求，能够促使企业提高效率并降低成本。     

基于多元线性回归的宗地地价评估--以东营市为例

基准地价系数修正法作为大量评估宗地地价的一种方法，得到了广泛的应用，但是由于修正体系因素的权重确定多是通过特尔斐法来确定，主观性比较强。以东营市为例，探讨了用多元线性回归模型的方法进行修正因素影响的计算，并对宗地地价进行了评估。     

基本有色金属及其废料价格走势预测

2008年席卷全球的金融危机对我国再生资源回收行业造成了严重影响。受金融危机影响,有色金属中6种基本金属的价格均大幅下挫,与之相关的废有色金属更是损失惨重,部分品种价格下跌甚至超过50％。2009年再生资源行业仍将面临金融危机和增值税政策调整的双重压力和挑战。结合当前国内外经济形势,通过对近些年来有色金属价格走势的分析,预测：有色金属行业复苏仍需时日,有色金属价格已经接近底部,大幅下跌的可能性很小;铜和镍从中长期来看仍有下探的空间;铅和锌价格已见底,未来不会再创新低。     

城镇污水处理BOT项目的价格构成与运营期调价

BOT投融资方式在城镇污水处理领域已得到广泛应用,水价是招投标及特许协议签署期间最受关注的焦点,然而能否选中真正具有领先的内在竞争力和管理水平的投资运营商更是项目成败的关键。根据不同的使用需要将水价逐级分解,深层剖析影响因素,并在此基础上设计合理的调价公式,有利于项目的有序竞争和后续管理。     

基于农户受偿意愿的农田生态补偿额度测算——以武汉市的调查为实证

农业环境政策已成为西方发达国家激励乡村适宜景观地保护的有效方式,有利于克服农田生态环境供给的不足,鼓励农户逐渐向绿色农业、生态农业或有机农业的方向发展。以武汉市农户的调查为实证,应用意愿调查法构建模拟的农田生态补偿政策及交易市场,从减少农业负外部性行为,对农民放弃一定程度化肥、农药等化学物质的施用所带来的损失给予补偿的角度,测算出农户对农田生态环境补偿的意愿及额度。研究表明:①当化肥农药施用在减少50%、100%等不同的限制标准下,受访农户愿意生产及供给农田生态服务的人数比例在69.32%~85.25%,并认为政府应分别向农户补偿3 928.88~8 367.00元/ hm²·a,与农户按生产经验判断的减产幅度、增加的管理难度和工时相近;②从模拟的农产品交易市场出发,受访农户中愿意生产并供给化肥、农药施用量在不同限制标准下的农产品的比例在54.29%~82.12%,愿意以高出当前普通农产品1.65~2.67元/kg的价格生产环境友好型农产品,价格增幅在42.52%~68.45%。     

Activated carbons derived from oil palm empty-fruit bunches： Application to environmental problems

Activated carbons derived from oil palm empty fruit bunches （EFB） were investigated to find the suitability of its application for removal of phenol in aqueous solution through adsorption process, Two types of activation namely; thermal activation at 300, 500 and 800℃and physical activation at 150℃ （boiling treatment） were used for the production of the activated carbons. A control （untreated EFB） was used to compare the adsorption capacity of the activated carbons produced from these processes. The results indicated that the activated carbon derived at the temperature of 800℃ showed maximum absorption capacity in the aqueous solution of phenol. Batch adsorption studies showed an equilibrium time of 6 h for the activated carbon at 800℃. It was observed that the adsorption capacity was higher at lower values of pH （2-3） and higher value of initial concentration of phenol （200-300 mg/L）. The equilibrium data fitted better with the Freundlich adsorption isotherm compared to the Langmuir. Kinetic studies of phenol adsorption onto activated carbons were also studied to evaluate the adsorption rate. The estimated cost for production of activated carbon from EFB was shown in lower price （USD 0.50/kg of activated carbon） compared the activated carbon from other sources and processes.     

中国大气污染物重点行业减排分析——基于假设抽取法和价格传导影响系数

以中国各行业SO₂、NO_x和烟粉尘的排放数据为基础,利用假设抽取法和投入产出价格模型,计算了各行业的需求排放、产出排放和净转移量,模拟了不同情景下重点行业减排后对整体行业需求排放的影响,并计算了重点减排行业污染成本内部化造成的价格传导影响系数.结果显示,2014年电力热力燃气供应业、非金属矿制品业和金属矿采选及冶炼延压业这3个重点行业大气污染物净转出量最大;在这3个行业同时减排15%的情景下,SO₂、NO_x和烟粉尘这3种污染物的减排量可以分别达到中国“十三五”节能减排目标的62.12%、72.65%和67.11%;电力热力燃气供应业作为大气污染物减排影响最大的行业,如果将其污染成本内部化,其生产产品的价格会对其余行业造成不同程度的影响,其中,对水生产和供应业、金属制品业产品、金属矿采选及冶炼延压业和非金属矿制品业的价格影响较大,总价格传导影响系数分别为0.272、0.151、0.148和0.131.因此,建立合理的大气污染物减排成本分摊机制一方面可以补贴基础转出行业的治理成本,另一方面可以通过价格机制激励其他行业提高技术水平,减少对电力等基础工业产品的需求.     

协议出让国有土地使用权最低价的确定方法

合理确定协议出让国有土地使用权的最低价,是促进经济与社会发展,防止土地资产流失的重要措施．本文以国家土地管理局的有关现定为依据,在阐述基准地价内涵、基准地价与国有土地使用权出让价相互关系的基础上,探讨了协议出让国有土地使用权最低价的具体确定方法,并将它初步应用在山西省祁县城区土地使用权协议出让最低限价的确定中．     

Continuous dose-response modeling and risk analysis with the gamma and reciprocal gamma distributions

Kodell and West (1993) describe two methods for calculating pointwise upper confidence limits on the risk function with normally distributed responses and using a certain definition of adverse quantitative effect. But Banga et al. (2000) have shown that these normal theory methods break down when applied to skew data. We accordingly develop a risk analysis model and associated likelihood-based methodology when the response follows either a gamma or reciprocal gamma distribution. The model supposes that the shape (index) parameter k of the response distribution is held fixed while the logarithm of the scale parameter is a linear model in terms of the dose level. Existence and uniqueness of the maximum likelihood estimates is established. Asymptotic likelihood-based upper and lower confidence limits on the risk are solutions of the Lagrange equations associated with a constrained optimization problem. Starting values for an iterative solution are obtained by replacing the Lagrange equations by the lowest order terms in their asymptotic expansions. Three methods are then compared for calculating confidence limits on the risk: (i) the aforementioned starting values (LRAL method), (ii) full iterative solution of the Lagrange equations (LREL method), and (iii) bounds obtained using approximate normality of the maximum likelihood estimates with standard errors derived from the information matrix (MLE method). Simulation is used to assess coverage probabilities for the resulting upper confidence limits when the log of the scale parameter is quadratic in the dose level. Results indicate that coverage for the MLE method can be off by as much as 15% points and converges very slowly to nominal coverage levels as the sample size increases. Coverage for the LRAL and LREL methods, on the other hand, is close to nominal levels unless (a) the sample size is small, say N < 25, (b) the index parameter is small, say k 1, and (c) the direction of adversity is to the left for the gamma distribution or to the right for the reciprocal gamma distribution.     

民宿价格的空间分异特征及影响因素——以湖北省恩施州为例

民宿区别于传统的酒店,其价格具有独特的空间分布特征和影响因素。以湖北省恩施土家族苗族自治州民宿价格为研究对象,基于克里金法和特征价格模型,使用网络抓取的途家网民宿数据,运用ArcGIS 10.5进行插值分析,总结恩施州民宿价格的空间分布特征,并运用SPSS 24进行多元回归分析,构建特征价格模型,分析影响恩施民宿价格的影响因素。研究表明：（1）恩施民宿价格集聚效应明显,呈现“一大两小”的三个价格高值区;（2）民宿内部环境对民宿价格影响最为显著,民宿消费者更加注重其体验感和融入感;（3）省道和景点对民宿价格影响显著,而国道影响较小;（4）不同经营主体对民宿定价有所不同,其中个人房东经营民宿,其定价水平较高。研究结果为民宿选址、定价、空间布局以及旅游体验服务等方面提供参考。